11/16. Left thalamic hypertensive haemorrhage presenting as transient global amnesia.A case is described which presented as transient global amnesia (TGA) due to a critically placed intracerebral hypertensive haematoma in the left thalamic region, with epileptic discharges arising from the same area. It is proposed that intracerebral haematomas may occasionally present as a clinically well-defined neurological syndrome. The deficit in such cases is probably not due to the underlying direct tissue damage but secondary to indirect pressure or ischaemic insults.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/16. amnesia following right thalamic haemorrhage.A 52 year old patient with a right thalamic haemorrhage is described. She suffered from anterograde amnesia and memory impairment for both visual and verbal material. At follow-up after 3 months, despite being fully oriented and having good concentration, her memory impairment was still evident. Reassessment 3 years afterwards showed persistent deficits and no further improvement.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/16. Ocular and ocular motor aspects of primary thalamic haemorrhage.As part of a correlative study of the neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities in thalamic haemorrhage, we report preliminary findings in six patients with this condition diagnosed by clinical and CT brain examinations. Five patients were middle-aged and hypertensive. Two had Horner's syndrome, and three anisocoria. Three patients had prominent mesencephalic dysfunction. There was pathological confirmation of the lesion in one case. The pathogenesis of the signs of midbrain disturbance in these patients is uncertain, but may comprise pressure, traction or hypoxia, separately or in combination. There was no positive correlation between the estimated size of the demonstrated haemorrhage and the severity of the neuro-ophthalmological abnormality.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/16. Transcortical aphasia from ischaemic infarcts of the thalamus: a report of two cases.Thalamic injury from various natural causes, including tumours an haemorrhage, has been reported to lead abnormalities of language. The pathophysiology of these language disorders remains controversial because the naturally occurring thalamic lesions often are associated with mass effects. Two patients are described with hypodense left thalamic lesions, shown by computed tomography, probably representing infarction. Both patients had aphasia, but neither had evidence of appreciable brain swelling or distortion, nor were cortical language areas damaged.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/16. Isolated hemiataxia after supratentorial brain infarction.Acute isolated hemiataxia is in most cases due to infratentorial (cerebellar) stroke. It has only twice been described in supratentorial stroke--namely, after thalamic infarction and a capsular haemorrhage. Three patients with isolated hemiataxia after a supratentorial brain infarct are described. These patients were seen in a period of five years during which 899 patients with a first supratentorial brain infarct were registered. Clinically the hemiataxia was of the cerebellar type. In two patients, CT and MRI showed a small, deep (lacunar) infarct restricted to the posterior limb of the internal capsule, a site not previously reported in isolated hemiataxia. The third patient had a small, deep (lacunar) infarct in the thalamus extending into the adjacent posterior limb of the internal capsule. Isolated hemiataxia after a supratentorial brain infarct is a very rare clinical stroke syndrome. The cerebellar type hemiataxia was most likely caused by interruption of the cerebellar pathways at the level of the internal capsule. Our cases confirm prior observations that the cerebellar pathways run through the posterior part of the posterior limb of the internal capsule separately from the motor and sensory pathways.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/16. Indications and limitations for CT-guided stereotaxic surgery of hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage, based on the analysis of postoperative complications and poor ability of daily living in 158 cases.The authors have studied the indications and limitations for computerized tomography (CT)-guided stereotaxic surgery (CTGS Surgery) of hypertensive intracerebral haematomas (ICH), based on the analysis of 158 patients in our institutions. Of 158 patients, 120 had putaminal haemorrhage, 21 thalamic, 14 subcortical and 3 in other locations. The patients ranged in age from 37 to 82 years (average 60). Haematoma volume ranged from 8 to 140 ml (average 43). Eleven patients in the series worsened postoperatively because of rebleeding in 6 cases, cerebral infarction in 2, and unknown causes in the remaining 3 cases. Seven of the 11 patients pre-operatively had untreated hypertension and 3 had mild liver dysfunction without major haemorrhagic tendency. Most postoperative complications were seen in older patients and in those with severe neurological deficit or chronic disease. All these cases ended in poor outcome. From our study, we propose three indications for CTGS Surgery: absolute, aggressive and passive indications. The absolute indication is applied to those who would have been operated on by conventional open surgery. The aggressive indication is for those with mild neurological deficit so that early rehabilitation can be started to regain higher cerebral function. The passive indication is for elderly patients and those with severe neurological deficit or chronic disease. This indication must be decided carefully because poor outcome is likely.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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