1/3. Paroxysmal dystonia with thalamic lesion in multiple sclerosis.Paroxysmal dystonia (PD) is a usually painful, unilateral dystonic posture, precipitated by voluntary movement, tactile stimulation, startling noise or hyperventilation. We describe two cases of paroxysmal dystonia in multiple sclerosis, both with a critically localized lesion in the thalamus, contralateral to the paroxysmal symptoms. Only one other case of paroxysmal dystonia with a demyelinated lesion of the thalamus has been reported previously.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = multiple sclerosis, sclerosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/3. Thalamic dementia: an example of primary astroglial dystrophy of Seitelberger.Pure thalamic dementia is highly uncommon and typically demonstrates widespread loss of neurons throughout the thalamus associated with reactive gliosis. This report describes an autopsy case in which there is widespread gliosis of subcortical white matter, focal hippocampal sclerosis and a unique proliferation of protoplasmic astrocytes in the thalamus, with limited bilateral focal loss of neurons. The alterations of the protoplasmic astrocytes consist of proliferation of perivascular feet surrounding blood vessels and velate sheets which surround individual neurons. It is proposed that the astrocytic alterations, or astrocytic dystrophy, constitute the primary and critical pathologic-change, sufficiently severe to produce dementia in the presence of a relatively intact neuronal population.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.012707335317897keywords = sclerosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/3. Hemiballism in multiple sclerosis.Hemiballism has rarely been reported in the setting of multiple sclerosis. review of clinical descriptions cast some doubt on the accuracy of the diagnosis of the movement disorder in several previous cases. We report a patient with definite multiple sclerosis, with videotape documentation of hemiballism, and demonstration of a plaque in the contralateral subthalamic nucleus on a magnetic resonance image.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = multiple sclerosis, sclerosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |