1/53. Facial canal decompression leads to recovery of combined facial nerve paresis and trigeminal sensory neuropathy: case report.BACKGROUND: Trigeminal sensory neuropathy is often associated with facial idiopathic nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy). Although a cranial nerve viral polyneuropathy has been proposed as the usual cause, in many instances the etiology remains unclear. This case report of recovery of both trigeminal and facial neuropathy after surgical decompression of the facial nerve suggests an anatomic link. methods: A case of a 39-year-old woman presenting with recurrent unilateral facial paralysis is summarized. Her fifth episode, which did not spontaneously recover, was associated with retroorbital and maxillary pain as well as sensory loss in the trigeminal distribution. RESULTS: A middle cranial fossa approach for decompression of the lateral internal auditory canal, labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve and the geniculate ganglion was performed. The patient's pain and numbness resolved immediately postoperatively, and the facial paralysis improved markedly. CONCLUSION: This result implicates a trigeminal-facial reflex as hypothesized by others. It suggests that decompression of the facial nerve can lead to improvement in motor and sensory function as well as relief of pain in some patients with combined trigeminal and facial nerve dysfunction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/53. Differential diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory trigeminal sensory neuropathy from neuroma with a biopsy: case report.OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Idiopathic inflammatory trigeminal sensory neuropathy (IITSN) is a disorder with the dominant clinical features of trigeminal sensory disturbance; this idiopathic condition follows a benign course in most cases. Recent reports have shown that transient abnormalities, which may mimic those of trigeminal neuromas, can be observed in magnetic resonance imaging scans. Presented here is a case of IITSN that was diagnosed, with cytological and histopathological verification, during the active inflammatory phase of the disease (the first such attempt, to our knowledge). CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 20-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital with a 2-month history of numbness of the left side of her face, headache, and hemifacial pain attacks. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed a mass above and below the foramen ovale, extending into the cavernous sinus. INTERVENTION: A percutaneous biopsy procedure through the foramen ovale was performed; the pathological examination revealed lymphocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells but no evidence of neoplastic cells. A few days later, the patient was surgically treated using a cranial base approach, the gasserian ganglion was exposed, and the lesion was removed. Pathological examination of the specimens revealed inflammatory changes and fibrosis of the nerve fibers and ganglion cells. Disruption of the myelin around the nerve bundles was detected. Therefore, IITSN was pathologically confirmed during the early stage of the disease. During 3 months of follow-up monitoring, the patient experienced no serious clinical problems. CONCLUSION: IITSN should be suspected in cases of tumors involving the cavernous sinus, and a percutaneous biopsy through the foramen ovale should be performed as part of the differential diagnosis in such cases. This procedure might obviate unnecessary aggressive surgery. In the current case, no neoplastic cells were observed during the examination; only lymphocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells were observed, on a background of erythrocytes. Lymphocyte-dominant inflammatory infiltration, fibrotic changes, and demyelinization are cardinal histopathological findings observed during the active phase of IITSN.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 957.72753192131keywords = gasserian ganglion, gasserian, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/53. Precise cannulation of the foramen ovale in trigeminal neuralgia complicating osteogenesis imperfecta with basilar invagination: technical case report.OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: trigeminal neuralgia is a rare feature of basilar invagination, which is itself a complication of osteochondrodysplastic disorders. Microvascular decompression is an unattractive option in medically refractory cases. The conventional percutaneous approach to the trigeminal ganglion is anatomically impossible because the foramen ovale points inferiorly and posteromedially. We report a new technique for image-guided trigeminal injection in a patient with basilar invagination complicating osteogenesis imperfecta. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old woman with osteogenesis imperfecta presented with a 3-year history of typical left maxillary division trigeminal neuralgia, which was poorly controlled by carbamazepine at the maximum tolerated dose. She had obvious cranial deformities, left optic atrophy, delayed left eye closure, tongue atrophy, but normal facial sensation and corneal reflexes. A computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed severe basilar invagination. TECHNIQUE: Frameless stereotactic glycerol injection of the left trigeminal ganglion was performed under general anesthesia using the infrared-based EasyGuide Neuro system (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The netherlands) with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic registration. The displaced and distorted left foramen ovale was cannulated via a true frameless stereotactic method with the trajectory determined by virtual pointer elongation. The needle placement was confirmed with injection of contrast medium into the trigeminal cistern. The path needed to enter the foramen traversed the right cheek, soft palate, and left tonsil. The patient went home pain-free with a preserved corneal reflex and no complications. CONCLUSION: Frameless stereotaxy allows customization to individual patient anatomy and may be adapted to a variety of percutaneous procedures used in areas where the anatomy is complex.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 12493.662821593keywords = trigeminal ganglion, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/53. Percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: report of two cases.Percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia is a technically simple, non-painful procedure, carried out under brief general anesthesia. The patients could tolerate well during the treatment. The operation successful rate is high, and the procedure can be repeated at the next day if the symptom was not relieved. The procedure, in the present, is the first choice for those trigeminal neuralgia patients who are poor medical risks, those who are above the age of 65, those with demyelinating disease, and those who are unwilling to accept the increased risk of a posterior fossa craniectomy. We have successfully performed this procedure for two recurrent trigeminal neuralgia patients without any surgical complication. We propose this surgical treatment algorithm for trigeminal neuralgia patients who are not able to tolerate the medical treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 31234.157053982keywords = trigeminal ganglion, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/53. Trigeminocardiac reflex: a unique case of recurrent asystole during bilateral trigeminal sensory root rhizotomy.BACKGROUND: The trigeminocardiac reflex is the sudden-onset of dysrhythmia and hypotension during manipulation of any of the branches of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve and cardioinhibitory vagus nerve constitute the afferent and efferent pathways in the reflex arc. The trigeminocardiac reflex has been reported to occur during craniofacial surgery, balloon-compression rhizolysis of the trigeminal ganglion, and tumour resection in the cerebellopontine angle. PATIENT & METHOD: A 2-year-old male patient with haemangioma near the sella turcica underwent rhizotomies of both sides of the dorsal sensory roots, of the trigeminal nerves for palliation of intractable trigeminal pain. RESULTS: In this report, we experienced two unexpected episodes of asystole after transection of the sensory roots of the trigeminal nerves. CONCLUSION: Sectioning of the intracranial dorsal sensory root of the trigeminal nerve provides clear evidence of the central role of the trigeminal nerve as the afferent pathway of the trigeminocardiac reflex arc.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6246.8314107965keywords = trigeminal ganglion, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/53. MR imaging findings of neurosarcoidosis of the gasserian ganglion: an unusual presentation.We report the MR imaging findings of an unusual case of neurosarcoidosis of the gasserian ganglion associated with trigeminal neuralgia. No other neurological or extraneurological localization was found. magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass in the Meckel's diverticulum that was isointense on T1-weighted images and hypointense on T2-weighted images. gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging showed heterogeneous enhancement. Although rare, sarcoid infiltration of the gasserian ganglion must be considered in the differential diagnosis of an isolated mass in this localization in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5740.3651915279keywords = gasserian ganglion, gasserian, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/53. A case of trigeminal-vagal neuralgia relieved by peripheral self-stimulation.A case of simultaneous trigeminal and vagoglossopharyngeal neuralgia is described. No microvascular compression was seen at the trigeminal complex while the origin of vagoglossopharyngeal pain could have been due either to Chiari malformation or microvascular compression of the IX-X nerve complex. Decompressive surgery was ineffective. The patient could completely block his facial painful fits by strongly pinching the anterior axillary fold. This case militates against peripheral theories of facial neuralgias, including microvascular compression and ganglion ignition focus theories, and supports a central origin thereof.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/53. trigeminal neuralgia in a patient with a dural arteriovenous fistula in Meckel's cave: case report.OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: trigeminal neuralgia is often the result of vascular compression at the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve. We report a case of trigeminal neuralgia in a patient with a dural arteriovenous fistula in Meckel's cave. Endovascular closure of the fistula resulted in elimination of the patient's pain at the gasserian ganglion level. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 77-year-old woman was referred for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia after failed conservative treatment, including multiple gasserian ganglion blocks. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain suggested a vascular lesion, and cerebral angiography demonstrated a dural arteriovenous fistula in Meckel's cave. INTERVENTION: Endovascular coil embolization was performed, with obliteration of the dural arteriovenous fistula and resolution of facial pain but with decreased sensation in the face. CONCLUSION: trigeminal neuralgia may be associated with complex vascular lesions around the base of the brain and along the course of the trigeminal nerve. The evaluation of patients with trigeminal neuralgia should include high-quality, thin-section, magnetic resonance imaging scans, to exclude the possibility of vascular lesions and other structural lesions. In particular, patients who are being evaluated for surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia should undergo magnetic resonance imaging, with a focus on the course of the trigeminal nerve.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1913.4550638426keywords = gasserian ganglion, gasserian, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/53. pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the Gasserian ganglion in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia.pulsed radiofrequency treatment has been described as a minimal invasive alternative to radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the management of chronic pain syndromes. We present here our first five high-risk patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia who were treated with pulsed radiofrequency after multidisciplinary assessment; with a mean follow-up of 19.2 months (range 10-26). These patients were at high risk due to age, co-morbidities or previous interventional and surgical treatments. An excellent long-term effect was achieved in three of the five patients, a partial effect in one patient and a short-term effect in one patient. No neurological side effects or complications were reported.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/53. Intracerebral injury following thermocoagulation of the trigeminal ganglion.An unusual postoperative complication of percutaneous thermocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion is reported. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain disclosed an intracerebral lesion following the surgical procedure. Some rare abnormalities of the skull base could increase the risk of such complications. A meticulous surgical technique with fluoroscopic and neurophysiological control is mandatory in any percutaneous procedure on the trigeminal ganglion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 32190.884585904keywords = trigeminal ganglion, gasserian ganglion, gasserian, ganglion (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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