1/6. life-threatening haemorrhage after elevation of a fractured zygoma.A 21-year-old man presented with a fractured left zygoma after an alleged assault. The fracture was elevated four days later, at which time he had a brisk left-sided epistaxis. Recovery was uneventful except for a haematoma that was drained a month later. Two weeks after this, he was admitted after having collapsed. He was shocked and bleeding profusely from his nose. He had a further major bleed in hospital and this was treated by tying off the left external carotid artery. He has made an uneventful recovery and investigations have shown no bleeding diathesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Zygomatic bone fractures complicated by retrobulbar haemorrhage.The two patients described in this report demonstrate retrobulbar haemorrhage as a complication of zygomatic bone fracture. Successful treatment of this rare but very serious complication involves urgent consultation with an ophthalmology service, and immediate medical and surgical management. It is extremely important to check the vision of patients with zygomatic bone fracture, before and after surgery, and consideration should be given to obtaining an ophthalmology opinion for all fractures involving the orbit. A simple examination, which every dentist should be able to perform, should include inspection of the eye, a test of visual acuity, testing eye movements, testing visual fields, reaction of the pupils, and an examination for proptosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. blindness following fracture of the zygomatic bone.Two cases of blindness following fracture of a zygomatic bone, with disruption of the optic canal are reported. The importance of excluding optic canal disruption where blindness results subsequent to fracture or surgery to the orbit in the presence of certain features of retrobulbar haemorrhage is emphasised.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. Delayed spontaneous retrobulbar haemorrhage. A case report.Retrobulbar haemorrhage is an important complication. The extremely infrequent condition of a spontaneous haemorrhage occurring three days after the injury is presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. Combined cranio-facial fractures.Clinically, fronto-maxillary injuries may constitute a diagnostic problem, as their severity need not correlate with the patient's general condition. To establish a definitive radiological diagnosis, both normal standard films and tomographs are required. These will help to identify fracture lines involving the base of the skull. Most serious among the complications which may be associated with fronto-maxillary injuries is the occurrence of cerebrospinal rhinorrhoea with potential ascending infection. Other complications include oculomotor dysfunction, obstruction of lacrimal drainage and nasal airways as well as dental malocclusion. Primary surgical management is indicated in compound fractures, suspected intracranial haemorrhage and compression of the optic nerve, while fractures with associated dural injuries and involvement of orbital roofs as well as all other combined maxillo-facial fractures with functional impairment require early secondary management. Open exposure of the fracture site is best obtained through a coronal hair-line incision. Dural injuries are preferentially approached through craniotomies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. Retrobulbar haemorrhage: can blindness be prevented?Retrobulbar haemorrhage is a rare complication following orbital trauma or surgery occurring in less than 1 per cent of cases. early diagnosis and treatment of this complication may save the vision of the affected eye. This paper illustrates cases where diagnosis was not made and blindness resulted. We also present two cases of successful treatment due to early diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |