1/7. Mixed follicular and parafollicular thyroid carcinoma.A rare case of mixed follicular-parafollicular thyroid carcinoma which occurred in a 50-year-old man, is reported. The ultrastructural aspects of the tumor showed: a biphasic growth pattern with microfolliculi and solid areas; the coexpression of thyroglobulin and calcitonin antigens in the same follicle-like structures; the presence of neuroendocrine granules, microvilli and intracytoplasmic canaliculi bordered by microvilli. These characteristics lead us to a diagnosis of mixed follicular-parafollicular thyroid carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/7. Establishment and characterization of the follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line ML-1.The present study focuses on the establishment and characterization of a new follicular thyroid carcinoma cell line. The human cell line ML-1 was derived from a dedifferentiated follicular thyroid carcinoma relapse, which progressed despite preceding surgery followed by two radioiodine therapies. More than 90% of the cells of this line express thyroglobulin, chondroitin sulfate, and vimentin antigens, but only about 70% show cytokeratin filaments and a negative surface charge density such as human erythrocytes. More importantly, cells of this line are able to take up iodine and/or glucose both in vitro and in vivo and to secrete thyroglobulin, chondroitin sulfate, and fibronectin into the interstitial space. In addition, triiodothyronine is released constitutively into culture supernatants. Moreover, it is also suitable for xenotransplantation studies because it is tumorigenic in NMRI nude mice in vivo. The cell line forms tumors with follicular structures when transplanted to nude mice. Due to these unique features the ML-1 cell line can be considered as a very suitable test model for pharmacological and cell biological studies. Since chemicals may interfere with the production of thyroid hormones, this cell line represents also a tool for toxicological investigations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/7. A case of coexistent angiosarcoma and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.Angiosarcoma of the thyroid has long been a controversial entity, and it is histologically defined as cleft-like anastosmosing spaces lined by large, atypical cells of endothelial lineage. However, clear-cut separation between the angiosarcoma and anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is difficult because they yield nearly the same clinical prognosis and overlapping histologic findings. We report a case of thyroid neoplasm composed of minimally invasive well differentiated follicular carcinoma and angiosarcoma with intervening transitional area. Immunohistochemically, the angiosarcomatous portion showed focal immunoreactivity for endothelial markers such as CD31, CD34, ulex europaeus 1 lectin, factor viii-related antigen, and immunonegativity for epithelial markers including pancytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen and thyroglobulin, whereas the reverse was demonstrated in the minimally invasive follicular carcinomatous portion. The follicular carcinoma portion was positive for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Each component showed ultrastructural findings of epithelial and endothelial differentiation, respectively. The present case was unique in that angiosarcoma of the thyroid was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, as well as light microscopy, and also coexisted with a minimally invasive well differentiated follicular carcinoma in the same mass. This combination has never been described in the literature. Although restricted to a single case, the present case further supports that angiosarcoma is a true existent entity rather than a variant of anaplastic carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/7. Thyroid follicular carcinoma-like tumor of kidney: a case report with morphologic, immunohistochemical, and genetic analysis.We present an unusual renal tumor, which has not been classified under a known subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and characteristically shows similar histology to thyroid follicular carcinoma. The patient was a 32-year-old asymptomatic woman who was found to have a kidney mass during her annual physical examination. She had no lesions in the thyroid during physical and ultrasound examinations, and there was no abnormal thyroid function test. Neither mediastinal nor ovarian abnormalities were observed. The resected kidney showed a well-defined nodular tumor measuring 11.8x8.0x8.0 cm. The mass was protruding into the pelvic cavity with areas of yellowish geographic necrosis. Histologically, the tumor showed follicular architectures with inspissated colloid-like material in their lumina. No conventional (clear cell) RCC or any other known subtypes of RCC component was observed. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed intensive staining for cytokeratin (CK) cocktail AE1/AE3 and CD10 and were not reactive to thyroid transcription factor-1 and thyroglobulin. The staining of CK35betaH11 and vimentin revealed focal cytoplasmic reaction. The tumor cells were completely negative for CK7, CK19, CK20, CK34betaE12, carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, and CD15. Chromosomal gains of 7q36, 8q24, 12, 16, 17p11-q11, 17q24, 19q, 20q13, 21q22.3, and Xp and losses of 1p36, 3, and 9q21-33 were detected by comparative genomic hybridization. These findings are dissimilar to previously classified renal neoplasm. Only a report that included three cases of primary thyroid-like renal tumor has been described in the abstract form. However, there is no fully documented case on this unusual form of RCC, which morphologically resembles that of thyroid follicular carcinoma. Herein, we present a new case of thyroid follicular carcinoma-like tumor of the kidney with a chromosomal study and review of the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/7. Encapsulated follicular thyroid carcinoma exhibiting glandular and spindle cell components. A case report.We describe an unusual case of a thyroid carcinoma exhibiting glandular and sarcomatous features. The tumor occurred in a 16-year-old girl. Histologic study of the resected thyroid gland revealed an encapsulated tumor composed predominantly of glandular structures and some solid areas. In the glandular areas, the tumor cells showed a cribriform growth pattern, and neither colloid secretion into the lumen nor clear-cut cytologic features suggestive of papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma were observed. In the solid areas, tumor cells became spindled and showed a sarcomatous arrangement with occasional whorl formation. A transition from the glandular areas to the solid ones was observed. Immunohistochemical study revealed that tumor cells were positive focally for epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin and secretory component. thyroglobulin was positive only in a few and limited areas of the glandular component. calcitonin was negative throughout the tumor. The histologic and immunohistochemical evidence indicates that this tumor is of thyroid origin and is probably derived from thyroid follicular cells. The histology of this tumor is unique, so we report this case briefly.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/7. Mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma.A rare case of mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland, which occurred in a 44-year-old man, is reported. The thyroid tumor was composed of solid nests of polygonal cells, with an admixture of many evenly distributed thyroid follicles that contained colloid. The lymph node metastases were the same composition as the primary, with follicle formations that contained colloid. Immunohistochemically, in both the primary and metastatic lesions, calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen were present in the predominant solid areas of medullary carcinoma, whereas thyroglobulin was demonstrated in the follicular structures. At the ultrastructural level, most of the tumor cells contained numerous neurosecretory granules, but some showed follicular cell differentiation. These findings fulfilled the criteria of mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid according to the world health organization classification and also suggested dual neuroendocrine and follicular differentiation of this type of thyroid carcinoma. We reviewed the literature on mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid and concluded that it might constitute another clinicopathologic entity different from conventional medullary thyroid carcinoma; it occurs predominantly in younger males and is associated with a more favorable clinical course than the usual medullary thyroid carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/7. Oncofetal expression of blood group-related antigen on morules in thyroid carcinoma.Morule formation in association with characteristic biotinrich 'optically clear nuclei' were found in 7 of 2514 cases of thyroid carcinoma. The seven patients were all young females aged from 20 to 36 years who were suffering from either papillary carcinoma (six cases) or follicular carcinoma (one case). The ABH (O) blood group (BG) types were A in three, AB in two and H(O) in two patients. Immunohistochemical study revealed that ABH(O) and Lewis BG antigens were expressed more specifically on morules than on ordinary neoplastic cells of papillary or follicular carcinoma. Lewis BG antigens tested in the present study were as follows: CA50, CA19-9, stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), and sialyl SSEA-1. ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) histochemistry showed a positive reaction on all the morules of blood groups A and H(O) patients, but yielded completely negative results on the morules of type AB patients. Sequential digestion by neuraminidase and alpha-galactosidase unmasked the reactivity for UEA-I even on the morules of type AB patients. The consistent reactivity for UEA-I on the morules seemed to be related to specific expression of BG antigens, which were characterized as oncofetal expression. It is suggested that the morules in thyroid carcinoma might be a kind of fetal component induced by the differentiation of the neoplastic cells to the stage of immature embryonic cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |