1/13. Immunoreactivity of prostate-specific antigen in male breast carcinomas: two examples of a diagnostic pitfall in discriminating a primary breast cancer from metastatic prostate carcinoma.Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) is regarded as a specific marker secreted by normal and neoplastic acinar epithelial cells of the prostate gland; its detection by immunocytochemistry has been accepted as an indication of metastatic prostate cancer. This is ascribed to the commonly held belief that PSA is not found in extraprostatic tissues. However, this concept has recently been challenged, based on the observations that certain nonprostatic tissues and their neoplasms can also secrete PSA. Such a questionable belief could result in a diagnostic pitfall when using immunostaining for PSA on fine-needle aspiration (FNAC) cytology samples to differentiate metastatic prostate cancer from a primary carcinoma of an extraprostatic organ. In this communication, two cases of primary carcinomas of the male breast are reported in which PSA immunopositivity on FNAC led to the suggestion of a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:167-169.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/13. Prostatic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the breasts: report of a case with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration biopsy.Metastases of tumors of extramammary origin to the breast are extremely uncommon. We report the case of an 81-year-old man with a history of prostatic adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant estrogen therapy, who presented with bilateral palpable mammary masses. Mammographic study showed irregular solid nodules. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was performed. The aspiration smears showed single cells with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, prominent nucleoli, and rare acinar formations. Immunocytochemical studies using antibodies against prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific acid phosphatase confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma, allowing appropriate treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/13. Pigmented Paget's disease of the male breast: report of a case.An 83-year-old man with pigmented Paget's disease of the breast is reported. He had a blackish swollen right nipple with bloody discharge that lasted for 8 months. Histopathology of the lesion disclosed intraepidermal and dermal atypical cells forming small clusters and underlying intraductal carcinoma. melanocytes were dispersed in the epidermis. Dermal melanophages were also detected. The atypical cells were positive for carcinoembryonic antigen, human-milk fat globule protein and a recently described new antigen, RCAS-1, but negative for S-100 or HMB-45. We diagnosed this case as Paget's disease of the male breast. Paget's disease of the breast is usually nonpigmented and occurs almost exclusively in women. Pigmented Paget's disease of the male breast is extremely rare, and only a few cases have been reported. Albeit rare, pigmented Paget's disease has to be included in the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the nipple.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/13. A male patient with metachronous triple cancers of small cell lung, prostate and breast.We present a very rare case of metachronous triple cancers, including small cell carcinoma of the lung, as well as prostate and male breast cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of its kind. A 64-year-old man was referred to our hospital with left nipple retraction. He had previously undergone lobectomy of the right lung as treatment for small cell lung cancer at 57 years of age, and at 61 years of age, he had undergone prostatectomy and bilateral orchiectomy for prostate cancer, histologically determined to be moderately or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. physical examination identified a painless irregular hard tumor in the left breast. ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a nodular mass, and fine needle aspiration cytology of the mass revealed adenocarcinoma. Modified radical mastectomy was performed. Histological examination revealed that the breast tumor was scirrhous carcinoma, t1, n0, m0, stage T. immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the prostate tumor was positive for prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and negative for estrogen receptor (ER), while the breast tumor was positive for ER and negative for PSA. Primary breast cancer was diagnosed. At present, 1 year and 8 months after surgical removal of the breast cancer, the patient has had no recurrence of breast cancer, small cell lung cancer, or prostate cancer. We discuss the possible causes of the triple cancers in this case with reference to the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/13. Anti-Ri antibody positive opsoclonus-myoclonus in a male patient with breast carcinoma.A 65-year-old male patient developed truncal ataxia, opsoclonus and myoclonus. In the serum anti-Ri antibodies were found, which led to the detection of a small adenocarcinoma of the breast. Other prominent clinical features were an excessive startle response and behavioral disorders, such as anxiety and impatience. These features suggest an immune response against both Nova-1 and Nova-2 antigens throughout the central nervous system.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/13. Male patients with diagnoses of both breast cancer and prostate cancer.Recently cancer susceptibility syndromes have been characterized that suggest possible genetic linkages between breast cancer and prostate cancer within families. Despite these connections, male breast cancer and prostate cancer in an individual man has rarely been reported. The clinical features of 10 patients with both of these cancers are described here. One hundred sixty-one patients with male breast cancer were seen at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and massachusetts General Hospital between 1977 and 2000. Of these, 10 were identified who also had prostate cancer. A retrospective review of records from these 10 patients was performed. breast cancer preceded prostate cancer in eight of these men. The mean age of diagnosis of breast cancer was 65.7 years (range 47-72 years). Twenty percent had nodal involvement at diagnosis and two patients ultimately developed evidence of metastatic disease. The mean age of diagnosis of prostate cancer was 68.0 years (range 51-76 years) with a median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level at diagnosis of 6 ng/ml (range 1.8-47.5 ng/ml). Seven patients had a family history of female breast cancer in a first-degree relative, while one had a family history of prostate cancer. At a median follow-up of 6.5 years from initial cancer diagnosis, one patient had died of metastatic breast cancer and another had died of metastatic prostate cancer. The clinical features and course of the breast cancers diagnosed in this series do not appear significantly different from those described for the general population of male breast cancer patients. In addition, these men do not appear to develop prostate cancer at an earlier age or more aggressive stage than the general population.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/13. Expression of prostate specific antigen in male breast cancer.Male breast cancer is uncommon, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancers. Carcinoma metastatic to the male breast is also unusual, with metastatic prostatic carcinoma being among the most common primary sites from which such tumours derive. Metastatic prostatic cancer and primary breast cancer may be histologically indistinguishable without immunohistochemistry because both often infiltrate with a cribriform architecture. Distinguishing between primary and metastatic disease within the breast is important because the treatment options for each are radically different. Following a case in which metastatic prostatic disease was initially wrongly diagnosed as primary breast cancer, a small series of male breast cancers was examined for expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase to assess the usefulness of these markers in making this distinction. Focal expression of PSA was found in one of 11 cases of male breast cancer. These results indicate that PSA should be used with caution in this context.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/13. Intracystic papilloma in the breast of a male given long-term phenothiazine therapy: a case report.We experienced a very rare case of intracystic papilloma in a 57-year-old man who came to our hospital complaining of a left subareolar mass and nipple discharge. The patient had a history of chronic schizophrenia, necessitating long-term treatment with phenothiazines. His serum prolactin levels were elevated. mammography demonstrated a well defined mass with microcalcifications. ultrasonography revealed a cyst with an intracystic component. The inner lesion of the mass enhanced on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The carcinoembryonic antigen concentration of the cyst fluid was 400 ng/mL and no malignant cells were found by aspiration biopsy cytology. Excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Pathological examination revealed the intracystic component to be intracystic papilloma. There are ten reports of male intracystic papilloma including ours. We report the second case of a patient given long-term phenothiazine therapy, which is known to increase serum prolactin levels.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/13. Papillary carcinoma of the breast in a male patient with a treated prostatic carcinoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy: a case report and review of the literature.Papillary carcinoma of the male breast is very rare. In this case report, we describe the cytologic, histologic, immunohistochemical, and radiological findings of a papillary carcinoma of male breast. A 67-yr-old man, who had a previous history of prostatic adenocarcinoma, presented with a retroareolar painless mass. There was no known history of breast cancer in his family. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed. Cytological examination revealed a cellular aspirate with three-dimensional papillary clusters. A diagnosis of papillary lesion favoring papillary carcinoma was rendered. Immunohistochemical staining of the cell-block of the FNAB revealed the presence of mammaglobin, and the absence of prostatic specific antigen. The patient underwent lumpectomy, which showed a moderately differentiated infiltrating papillary carcinoma with adjacent areas of ductal carcinoma in situ. FNAB is a useful technique in identifying male breast carcinoma. In conjunction with ancillary studies, this procedure can effectively differentiate between a primary versus metastatic lesion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/13. breast metastasis from prostate cancer and interpretation of immunoreactivity to prostate-specific antigen.A case of prostate cancer metastasized to the breast is presented, the latter being prostate-specific antigen (PSA) positive. This is the first of such cases reported in hong kong and china in the English literature. As PSA expression also can be found in primary breast cancer, prostatic acid phosphatase staining was employed to confirm the diagnosis. The relationship of PSA and non-prostatic tissues is reviewed. The differential diagnosis of breast enlargement in patients known to have prostate malignancy also is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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