1/15. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate.We present an unusual variant of prostatic adenocarcinoma with obvious squamous differentiation. The squamous component is represented by cells that contain vesicular or hyperchromatic nuclei and large acidophilic cytoplasm. We could demonstrate immunohistochemically the presence of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in these tumour cells. Either in adenocarcinomatous or malignant squamous components, the prostatic epithelial cells showed the two markers, namely PSA, GFAP, which may reflect the multidirectional differentiation of these cells from a pluripotent origin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. Glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Report of a case with cytohistologic and immunohistochemical study.BACKGROUND: Glassy cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix are poorly differentiated carcinomas composed of cells with a large, round to oval nucleus containing one or multiple prominent nucleoli, finely vacuolated eosinophilic to amphophilic cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. These cells occur in sheets and chords, with fibrovascular septae presenting a mixed inflammatory infiltrate. This neoplasm has a poor response to radiotherapy and a worse prognosis than the usual types of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. There are few reports on the cytologic and histopathologic features of this neoplasm. CASE: A 56-year-old woman presented with a large, exophytic cervical tumor. Exfoliative cytology showed clusters of cells and single cells with large, round to oval nuclei, with one or multiple nucleoli and moderate to large, finely granulated cytoplasm with distinct cell borders. The background of the smears had a polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate, necrotic debris and proteinaceous material. A high mitotic rate was observed, as were rare bizarre and atypical multinucleated cells. There was no evidence of koilocytes. These findings were highly suggestive of glassy cell carcinoma and were confirmed by the histologic and immunocytochemical findings, with positivity for cytokeratin (MNF116), vimentin and carcinoembryonic antigen and negativity for HMB-45. CONCLUSION: Glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix presents a cytologic picture that can be highly suggestive of the diagnosis in typical cases; however, in difficult cases ancillary techniques, such as immunocytochemistry, as well as histologic findings might confirm the diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the skin: a distinct entity from adenosquamous carcinoma: a case study with a review of the literature.Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the skin is an exceedingly rare but distinctive neoplasm with respect to its histopathologic features. It is similar if not identical in most respects to MEC of the salivary gland, a neoplasm whose prognosis is correlated with the pathologic grade. We report a case of MEC of the skin in a 79-year-old white woman who presented with an axillary mass. Beneath an unremarkable epidermis, a circumscribed, cystic neoplasm, unattached to the surface, was characterized by the presence of vague lobules of low-grade-appearing squamous cells accompanied by mucigenic and clear cells. A mucin stain highlighted the mucigenic cells and immunohistochemistry revealed pan-cytokeratin, cytokeratin 7, polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen, and epithelial membrane antigen positivity. The cytokeratin 20 and gross cystic disease fluid protein were nonreactive. Inconsistency was encountered in the literature where some confusion existed as to whether MEC is synonymous with adenosquamous carcinoma of the skin. Elsewhere in the body, the latter tumor type is a squamous and gland-forming neoplasm with intermediate- to high-grade features rather than a tumor with mucigenic cells intermingled among intermediate and squamous cells. As in the case of MEC and adenosquamous carcinoma elsewhere in extracutaneous sites, we would propose that a pathologic distinction should be made in the skin for the sake of consistency and for prognostic purposes. Additionally, the immunophenotype of our case is similar to at least two other cases of cutaneous MEC, as well as MEC of the salivary gland, to support the hypothesis that this neoplasm is adnexal rather than epidermal in origin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate.Adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate is an unusual histological variant of prostate cancer. The histogenesis of this tumor remains uncertain. The stimulus for the development of the squamous metaplastic cells had been thought to be related to hormone and/or radiation therapy. This report presents a case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate with abscence of previous hormone or radiation therapy. The case showed negative prostate-specific antigen and high molecular weight cytokeratin staining of the adenocarcinoma component, and negative prostate-specific antigen and positive high molecular weight cytokeratin staining of the squamous cell carcinoma component. The adenocarcinoma component stained intraluminally with periodic acid schiff. The staining features and the distinct localizations of the components with intermingling, but no transition, are against the collision-type tumor theory and support the theory that the adenocarcinoma and squamous components arise de novo from pluripotent stem cells. The patient had a rapid downhill clinical course and died 3 weeks after the diagnosis was made.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. A case of glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix that responded to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin.Glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor, and has a poor prognosis because of its aggressive clinical behavior and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We report a case of bulky glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix that effectively responded to paclitaxel and carboplatin in a neoadjuvant setting. The patient was a 30-year-old woman who became aware of vaginal bleeding and was referred to our hospital because of a cancerous tumor of the uterine cervix. physical examination showed the cervical tumor to be approximately 8 cm in diameter with no involvement of the parametrium or vagina. The biopsy results suggested a diagnosis of glassy cell carcinoma. The final diagnosis was glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, stage 1b2. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin was administered for downstaging. The response rate was 67.9% (partial response) under magnetic resonance imaging, and elevated serum cancer-related antigen 125 (119 U/ml) and squamous cancer cell antigen (34 ng/ml) were reduced to 34 U/ml and 3.3 ng/ml, respectively. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, she underwent radical hysterectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with the same regimen. The clinical course was very good. We speculate that glassy cell carcinoma is a sensitive tumor to paclitaxel and carboplatin. Further evaluation concerning diagnosis and treatment, however, is needed to improve the prognosis of patients with glassy cell carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Basaloid-squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Report of a case with review of the literature.Basaloid-squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma with biphasic basaloid and squamous features. Recognition of BSCC is important because this lesion can be confused with less aggressive lesions, such as adenoid cystic carcinoma. BSCC is typically detected at an advanced stage in smokers, alcoholics, and older individuals; adenoid cystic carcinoma is not associated with smoking or alcohol, and it typically occurs in younger individuals. Approximately 88 cases of BSCC in the upper aerodigestive tract have been recorded since its first description in 1986. We report one case of endobronchial BSCC. Cytologically, both squamous and basaloid features were identified, including elongated, irregular, globular, extracellular, hyaline material. Immunohistochemical studies showed two distinct populations of cells: the squamous component, positive for cytokeratin (AE1 AE3) and negative for smooth-muscle actin, epithelial membrane antigen, S100 protein, and type IV collagen; and the basaloid component, positive for all of the above markers, with minimal staining for cytokeratin (AE1 AE3). The electron microscopy demonstrated desmosomes in the squamous component and replication of the basal lamina in the basaloid component. We conclude that BSCC of the bronchus is similar to BSCC in the upper aerodigestive tract and should be regarded as a distinct entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the gall-bladder with gastric foveolar-type epithelium.An 80 year old Japanese man had adenosquamous carcinoma of the gall-bladder characterized by an adenocarcinoma (AC) in the gall-bladder lumen and a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the invaded region of the liver. In the AC, the tumor cells consisted of atypical columnar epithelium with pseudostratification, mimicking gastric foveolar epithelium, while atypical signet-ring cells were scattered within the SCC. There was an abrupt transition between the AC and SCC areas. The tumor cells in the AC area were intensely positive for galactose oxidase-Schiff staining, and paradoxical concanavalin a staining revealed these tumor cells to have Class II mucins. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells in foveolar-type adenocarcinoma were diffusely positive for cathepsin d. Flow cytometrical analysis of dna content showed the AC area to be diploid and the SCC area to be aneuploid. The S-phase fraction of the SCC area (46.9%) was larger than that of the AC area (19.5%). The positive rate of immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the SCC area (mean 50.627%) was larger than that of the AC area (mean 3.048%, P < 0.01). These results suggest that the AC area of this tumor, histochemically and immunohistochemically, showed gastric foveolar-type characteristics, the SCC component was squamous cell metaplasia of the pre-existing AC, and that the SCC area had a greater proliferating capacity than the AC area.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate.We describe a patient with adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate. His history suggests a common histogenesis of the glandular and squamous elements of the tumor. A 60-year-old white man had adenocarcinoma of the prostate diagnosed by biopsy and then underwent radical prostatectomy, which showed adenosquamous carcinoma. Immunoperoxidase in the glandular component was positive for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and low molecular weight keratin CAM 5.2 but was negative for high molecular weight keratin AE-3. The squamous component was negative for PSA, PAP, and CAM 5.2 but positive for AE-3. Previously reported patients with adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate share a history of radiation or hormonal therapy followed much later by prostatectomy, suggesting that adenosquamous carcinoma consists of residual primary adenocarcinoma and metaplastic squamous epithelium caused by radiation or hormonal treatment. However, the present case lacks this history, suggesting that the two types of epithelia may have developed concurrently.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. Surface adenosquamous carcinoma of the penis. A report of three cases.Three patients, aged 37, 72, and 74 years, with adenosquamous carcinoma of the penis are described. The duration of disease was 6, 9, and 144 months, respectively. Grossly a firm, white-gray granular exophytic mass was noted (7.6 cm average diameter). Microscopically, a mixed carcinoma showing squamous and glandular elements was present; the squamous component predominated. In two cases the adenocarcinoma was located in the perimeatal area of the glans. The periurethral glands were not involved. The glandular foci were discrete and had minimal admixture with the squamous carcinoma. Mucin material was present in the lumina, apical border, and cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, cells showed positivity for carcinoembryonic antigen in glandular areas. The squamous cell carcinomas were of the "warty" variant in two cases and of the usual squamous cell type in the other case. In one patient, metastatic adenosquamous carcinoma was noted in one inguinal node and showed mucin secretion. This patient is alive and well 102 months after diagnosis. Another patient is alive with no evidence of disease 12 months after surgery, and the third was lost to follow-up. Adenosquamous carcinomas of the penis are unusual neoplasms probably originating in penile surface epithelium and in embryologically misplaced mucus glands of the perimeatal region of glans mucosa.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. A primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver with an elevated level of serum squamous cell carcinoma related antigen.A case of primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver with an elevated level of serum squamous cell carcinoma related antigen is herein reported. Various hypotheses on the pathogenesis of adenosquamous carcinoma of the liver have been set forth previously, however there is still no widely accepted theory because of the absence of any sufficient evidence. The postoperative transition of serum squamous cell carcinoma related antigen and the immunohistochemical findings using anti-involucrin antigen in this case support the hypothesis that the squamous cell carcinoma component arises as a result of the metaplastic transformation of adenocarcinoma cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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