1/23. A case of pediatric ovarian dysgerminoma associated with high serum levels and positive immunohistochemical staining of neuron-specific enolase.A 5-year-old girl presented with a painful abdominal mass. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed 3 separate masses. Tumor markers including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cancer antigen-125 (CA-125), beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were elevated. At operation, the main tumor arose from the left ovary and was associated with torsion, whereas the other lesions were lymph node metastases. A salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathologic examination indicated that the tumor was a dysgerminoma. Immunohistochemicallly, the cells were positive for NSE and placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP) but were negative for CA-125, beta-hCG, S-100, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vimentin. The elevated serum levels of tumor markers improved dramatically after the operation and chemotherapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/23. lung carcinoma with metastasis to testicular seminoma.Tumor-to-tumor metastases are uncommon. The most frequent donor tumors are the lung, whereas renal cell carcinoma is by far the most common recipient. In this report the authors describe a lung tumor that metastasized to a testicular seminoma. This is the first reported case of tumor-to-tumor metastases in which seminoma of the testis is the recipient. The authors performed mucin and immunohistochemical studies on this case and on ten cases of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors containing embryonal carcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor for comparison. Mucin positivity as well as immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane and carcinoembryonic antigens were confined to metastatic adenocarcinoma in this case, whereas Ki-1 and alpha-fetoprotein immunostaining were restricted to the ten control cases of germ cell tumors. Although the majority of second malignant components found in a seminoma are other nonseminomatous germ cell components, the rare possibility exists that a second malignant component is a metastasis from elsewhere in the body.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/23. cerebrospinal fluid placental alkaline phosphatase in the intracranial germinomas: results of enzyme antigen immunoassay.The authors investigated the placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP) activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by enzyme-antigen immunoassay using polyclonal antibody as a marker for intracranial germinomas in 17 patients with germ cell tumors and 20 with other disorders. The detection limit of PALP activity was 0.072 optical density units equivalent to 5.9 ng/ml. Five of nine germinomas demonstrated high CSF PALP activities before treatment. These high PALP activities became undetectable following radiation therapy. The other tumors were small or had no CSF contact. CSF PALP activity is a useful tumor marker for pure germinomas.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/23. Reversible increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein content associated with hepatic dysfunction during chemotherapy for seminoma.Serial monitoring of the serum content of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (alpha FP) is useful in the initial staging of germ cell tumors and assessing the response to treatment. An increase in either marker during or following treatment almost always heralds disease progression and indicates the need for additional therapy. We report two patients in whom substantial increases in the serum content of AFP occurred during chemotherapy for advanced seminoma. Hepatic dysfunction was present in both patients; in one patient, a chronic carrier of hepatitis b virus, the liver dysfunction was associated with reactivation of hepatitis B manifested by anicteric hepatitis and hepatitis B e antigen positivity. Marked tumor regression had occurred in both patients, and chemotherapy was discontinued in spite of the elevated alpha FP level. The alpha FP content in the serum gradually returned to normal, and hepatic dysfunction resolved. Both patients remain free of disease 15 and 17 months following the last chemotherapy treatment. These cases illustrate that hepatic dysfunction and alpha FP production may occur during chemotherapy and that increases in serum alpha FP content must be interpreted with caution since the elevated alpha FP level does not always indicate progression of germ cell tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/23. Germ cell tumor in the basal ganglia: immunohistochemical demonstration of alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and carcinoembryonic antigen.A case of germ cell tumor in the basal ganglia and its vicinity was successfully treated surgically and by radiation. alpha-Fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and carcinoembryonic antigen were found in the tumor tissue, using the immunoperoxidase method. The presence of three immunohistochemically demonstrated tumor markers in a single germ cell tumor is extremely unusual. These results strongly suggest a cell differentiation or transformation in germ cell tumors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/23. Dispermic chimera associated with dysgerminoma.A 12-year-old female patient (Miss E.Y.) suffering from abdominal tumor was proved to be a dispermic or generalized chimera. Ninety-two percent of her red cells were group A1, the first locus of phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) 1A, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) AC and 8% of them were group B, PGM1 1A-2A, PGD A. Ninety cells out of one hundred and ten cultured lymphocytes were normal 46 XY and 20 cells were normal 46 XX. She secreted B and H substances at normal secretor range and a small amount of A substance in her saliva. The A-transferase level found in her serum was about 40% of those of group A1 individuals. The B-transferase level was in the normal range. Her hairs had B antigen and PGM1 phenotype of their root cells was 1A-2A. The cells of hair root were X chromatin-positive and Y body-negative. Her nails had lesser A antigen and potent B antigen. Major epithelial cells (approximately 75%) of her buccal mucosa expressed B antigen and minor cells expressed A antigen. The proportion of the X chromatin-positive buccal cells (15%) was lower than those in normal females (20-25%) and that of Y body-positive buccal cells (10%) was higher than those in normal females (0-3%). The surgically resected abdominal tumor was her right uterine adnexa with malignant transformation, the histological diagnosis of which was dysgerminoma. The tumor cell nest and the epithelial cells of ductal structure expressed A antigen, whereas the endothelial cells of blood vessels expressed B antigen. These findings showed that the proband's body cells arose from the two cell lines, one carrying A1 gene had normal 46 XY male karyotype and another carrying B gene had normal 46 XX female karyotype, and suggested that her right gonad which was contributed by the former cell line had a malignancy in the presence of y chromosome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/23. A case of simultaneous bilateral germ cell tumors arising from cryptorchid testes.We report a rare case of simultaneous bilateral testicular germ cell tumors arising from uncorrected cryptorchid testes. Each side had a different histological type, which consisted of pure high grade seminoma on the left side, and teratocarcinoma with choriocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor elements in addition to seminoma on the right side. patients with cryptorchidism are known to have a higher risk of germ cell tumors. Genetic factors also may have a role in the oncogenesis in our patient, since his older brother had had a seminoma in the left cryptorchid testis previously. Both patients had the HLA-Aw24 antigen. The characteristics of familial testicular tumors are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/23. Testicular tumors occurring in non-twin brothers: a case report.The present report describes two cases of seminoma that occurred simultaneously in non-twin brothers. These siblings were typed for HLA-A, -B, -C and -DR specificities, and manifested identical haplotypes. Sixty-four sets of affected siblings have been reported prior to the present cases. We examined HLA-DR antigen in brothers with testicular tumors and hereditary roles in the etiology are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/23. Analysis of the autoimmune response in an 'in situ' carcinoma of the testis.Immune response in a patient with an in-situ seminoma of the testis was studied. Immunohistochemical examination of the testicular biopsy demonstrated remarkable intracellular and membraneous accumulation of IgG antibodies in the atypical spermatogonia. Using FITC-conjugated concanavalin a, an abnormally high binding of concanavalin a was detected in the transformed cells. Circulating antibodies directed against an antigenic determinant (60 kD) which is expressed on normal human spermatozoa and lymphocytes were found only in the patient's serum and not in 500 control sera. The role and possible diagnostic value of this autoimmune reactivity in testicular malignancies are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/23. Use of anti-seminoma monoclonal antibody to confirm the diagnosis of mediastinal seminoma. A case report.Chest x-ray in a 20-year-old man showed a large anterior mediastinal mass and a needle aspirate was diagnosed by light microscopy (LM) as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Treatment with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisone) was ineffective and a tissue biopsy was performed. LM showed large, non-cohesive cells with abundant cytoplasm and rounded nuclei. Differential diagnoses included malignant lymphoma, seminoma, thymoma, anaplastic carcinoma, malignant melanoma and paraganglioma. Electron microscopy was not conclusive and immunoperoxidase staining was carried out. The malignant cells were negative for common leukocyte antigen, Leu M1, alpha-fetoprotein, chorionic gonadotrophin, cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase but positive for placental alkaline phosphatase. In addition, there was strong positivity with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) which was recently shown to react with testicular seminomas. This case illustrates the value of this mAb in confirming the diagnosis of mediastinal seminoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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