1/11. Conjunctival lymphocytic infiltrates associated with Epstein-Barr virus.PURPOSE: To describe the clinicopathologic features of two patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated conjunctival lymphocytic infiltrates. DESIGN: Two case reports. methods: The clinical histories and pathologic findings of two patients with salmon-colored conjunctival infiltrates are described. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical observation and pathologic examination of conjunctival biopsy specimens with accompanying immunohistochemical staining, flow cytometric immunophenotyping, and polymerase chain reaction analysis when appropriate. RESULTS: One patient had ipsilateral preauricular lymphadenopathy, elevated serum EBV titers, and a unilateral reactive lymphocytic infiltrate resulting in a conjunctival mass. The other patient had bilateral conjunctival lymphocytic infiltrates causing conjunctival masses. There was an expanded clonal population of B lymphocytes in the conjunctival mass in the second patient. Both patients had EBV antigen in their conjunctival lymphocytic infiltrates. CONCLUSIONS: Conjunctival lymphocytic lesions associated with EBV represent a spectrum of reactive infiltrates to monoclonal populations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/11. Progressive outer retinal necrosis caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: To identify the etiologic agent of rapidly progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) in a 32-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), who had retinitis developed from cytomegalovirus (CMV). Multiple yellowish spots appeared in the deep retina without evidence of intraocular inflammation or retinal vasculitis, diagnosed clinically as PORN. death occurred after failure of multiple organs. DESIGN: Case report. methods: Both globes were taken at autopsy, fixed in formalin, and examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to identify causative agents in the retinal lesions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: All layers of the retina were severely damaged and contained focal calcification. Cytomegalic inclusion bodies were found in cells in the damaged retina of the right eye. Immunohistochemical studies for herpesviruses revealed the presence of CMV antigens in the right retina at the posterior pole and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-specific antigen in the periphery of both retinas. No varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antigen was detected in either retina. CONCLUSIONS: PORN has been described as a variant of necrotizing herpetic retinopathy, occurring particularly in patients with AIDS. Although the etiologic agent has been reported to be VZV, HSV-1 can be an etiologic agent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/11. Atypical healing of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Significance of persistent border opacification.PURPOSE: To analyze a phenomenon seen in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis undergoing systemic antiviral treatment: a persistent white border opacification on the edge of healed CMV retinitis. patients AND methods: The authors prospectively evaluated a population of 137 patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis during a 44-month period. Eleven patients (12 eyes) who were undergoing maintenance antiviral treatment were identified with an atypical healing response--the persistence of a white flat border opacification that did not advance for many weeks to months. Patient records and photographs were reviewed. Results of one autopsy were analyzed with histopathology and special stains. RESULTS: The persistent white edge maintained (without advancement or smoldering) for an average of 11.6 weeks (range, 4 to 41 weeks). This border opacification was not affected by reinduction treatment in the six patients to whom reinduction was given. Results from histopathologic examination of one patient with a persistent white border are presented: these results show that dead cytomegalic cells formed stable structures within the retina, causing white opacification that could be confused with active lesions. Immunoperoxidase stains identified CMV antigens. CONCLUSION: This persistent white border opacification, which does not advance or smolder, represents an important clinical entity that should be recognized during antiviral treatment for CMV retinitis. It can often be observed. If it is not recognized as a stable configuration, patients may undergo unnecessary reinductions with potentially toxic doses of antiviral medications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/11. The histological and the histopathological pattern of conjunctival rhinosporidiosis associated with papillomavirus infection.The present study describes for the first time, the clinical, light and electron microscopic findings of two cases of conjunctival rhinosporidiosis. One was with concurrent infection of papillomavirus. Investigations at the ultrastructural level have provided additional information on the development of rhinosporidium seeberi and would suggest that the formation of the wall of this organism is a continuous morphological and biochemical spectrum throughout its cytological maturation. The current observation on the wall formation is probably a modification of the classical pattern as an environmental protection carried out by the fungus against the virus. In contradistinction to the usual histopathological picture of rhinosporidiosis, the case with the viral infection lacked the characteristic marked inflammatory reaction. This finding, together with the relatively short interval of the frequent recurrences of this lesion, have led us to postulate the presence of a localised acquired immune deficiency state. It is possible that this local immune deficiency may be caused by an immunosuppression mechanism. This is probably mediated by papillomavirus and/or due to the weak antigenicity of the host virus-infected cells which contain only copies of viral dna in an unintegrated form.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/11. Adenovirus epithelial keratitis.The authors sought to determine whether adenovirus could infect human corneal epithelium in vivo. They reviewed the medical records of six patients with adenovirus-positive viral corneal cultures who were examined at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between March 21, 1986, and December 31, 1992. The six patients with adenovirus-positive viral corneal cultures included one patient with dendritic epithelial keratitis, one with geographic epithelial ulceration, three with both geographic ulceration and contiguous dendrites, and one with heaped-up corneal epithelium but no ulceration. Four patients had rose bengal solution applied to their ocular surface, and in all four patients rose bengal uptake was seen at the epithelial edges of the dendrite or geographic ulceration in a manner characteristic of herpes simplex viral keratitis. Serotype determination of the isolates showed adenovirus type 3 (one patient), type 8 (three patients), type 19 (one patient), and indeterminate (one patient). Results of monoclonal antibody staining of cultures against herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2) antigens was negative for all six cases. Adenovirus epithelial keratitis may result from infection of human corneal epithelium by the virus and rarely may mimic infection of corneal epithelium by herpes simplex virus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/11. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated uveitis in an African American.PURPOSE/methods: In an African American woman with the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I associated with uveitis, clinical and ocular findings were correlated with detection of viral genome by polymerase chain reaction, and by viral antigen detection in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: High levels of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I gene expression in multiple samples over a two-year period strongly support the diagnosis of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I uveitis. Systemic corticosteroid therapy resulted in partial remission.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/11. herpes simplex virus in chronic relapsing keratoconjunctivitis.In a patient with a 5-month history of chronic relapsing keratoconjunctivitis, herpes simplex virus antigen was disclosed by immunofluorescence test in material obtained by conjunctival scraping, and the symptoms resolved following acyclovir (Zovirax) treatment. The diagnostic difficulties with patients presenting without symptoms suggestive of herpes simplex virus may be responsible for the lack of similar reports.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/11. Triple retinal infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus type 1. light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization.PURPOSE: This report describes the histopathologic and virologic findings of the retina from a 55-year-old bisexual patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), who had concurrent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) retinitis, and was treated with ganciclovir. methods: The eyes were obtained at autopsy and processed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical stains for HSV-1, CMV, hiv-1, varicella zoster virus, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were carried out using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and streptavidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase techniques. For in situ hybridization, a radiolabeled CMV dna probe (Eco-RI-Y fragment of strain AD 169) was used. RESULTS: Results of histopathologic examination showed a full-thickness necrotizing retinitis with cytomegalic and herpes viral intranuclear inclusions in cells of the neurosensory retina, retinal vascular endothelium, and the retinal pigment epithelium. Some areas of the retina were replaced by glial tissue. The choroid contained only a few chronic inflammatory cells. Immunoperoxidase studies disclosed CMV antigens diffusely distributed throughout all layers of the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium. herpes simplex virus type 1 antigens were present in retinal cells and the retinal vascular endothelium. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antigens were found in mononuclear cells in all layers of the sensory retina. Dual infections with hiv-1 and CMV of individual multinucleated giant cells of glial origin were demonstrated immunohistochemically. Transmission electron microscopy showed herpes viral particles in the vascular endothelium of the retinal vessels and the choriocapillaris. Human immunodeficiency virus particles were identified in the endothelium of the choriocapillaris. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of multiple viral infections of the retina, mimicking classic CMV retinitis, should be considered in the clinical and histologic differential diagnosis of necrotizing retinitis in patients with AIDS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/11. Detection of HIV in human vitreous.Assay of human vitreous specimens obtained postmortem for hiv antibodies, or HIV p24 antigen, is reported to be a reliable technique to demonstrate HIV infection in possible cornea donors from whom serum could not be obtained. We tested three vitreous samples obtained during vitrectomy from two HIV-positive patients. One patient exhibited the clinical AIDS syndrome. HIV antigen and antibody tests were negative in all specimens. HIV proviral dna was detected by PCR only in the vitreous of the patient with AIDS. Therefore, testing only vitreous samples is insufficient to exclude HIV infection in potential cornea donors.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/11. Clinical evidence for hepatitis B transmission resulting from corneal transplantation.PURPOSE: Two cases of hepatitis b virus (HBV) infection after penetrating keratoplasty are presented. methods: An extensive clinical and serologic investigation of these two transplant recipients was performed. In addition, the medical histories, autopsy reports, and specimens of blood from the two deceased corneal tissue donors were retrieved and studied. RESULTS: serum from both donors was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen; the clinical history and serologic testing of both recipients strongly suggest that the HBV infection in each case was acquired from donor corneal tissue. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, these are the first documented cases of HBV infection after corneal transplantation. eye banks should continue to screen donors for HBV.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |