1/9. Recurrent phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis: a forme fruste manifestation of rosacea.BACKGROUND: Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis represents a delayed type hypersensitivity response to a systemic antigen within the body. methods: We present a case of symptomatic, recurrent, phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis in an 8-year-old child. The patient's inflammation responded favorably to topical steroids at each episode, but no specific antigen could be identified. CONCLUSION: After observing the father's erythematous facial lesions, we attributed the child's ocular inflammation to rosacea (as a forme fruste manifestation) and treated her with systemic erythromycin. The symptoms were rapidly relieved and the disease process was arrested.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Cutaneous tuberculosis and phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis: a forgotten association.Cutaneous tuberculosis may be associated with concurrent systemic foci in the body such as lung, lymph node, bone or CNS. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis (PKC) is a manifestation of immunological response to a variety of antigens in the eye, tubercular focus (evident or occult) being the commonest in india. Reports in the existing literature have shown lungs and lymph nodes to be the predominant underlying focus associated with PKC, whereas cutaneous tuberculosis has seldom been found in this situation. We report this forgotten association in two children with cutaneous tuberculosis, one each with lupus vulgaris and scrofuloderma, who also had PKC. Interestingly, one of the cases also had simultaneous lichen scrofulosorum, which is also an immunological response to tubercular antigen and manifests in the skin, thus showing immunological manifestation in two different organ systems along with cutaneous focus of tuberculosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Disseminated adenovirus (type 19) infection in a neonate. Rapid detection of the infection by immunofluorescence.A case of fatal disseminated adenovirus infection in a neonate who suffered from severe keratoconjunctivitis and pneumonitis is reported. The diagnosis was made seven days after the onset of illness based on the detection of adenovirus antigen in the smears of the tracheal suction and conjunctival swab by immunofluorescence. Viral antigen was detected in the frozen or formalin-fixed autopsy specimens of the lungs, kidneys, spleen, liver and lymph nodes. Typical crystal arrangement of adenovirus virions was observed in the alveolar epithelial cells by electron microscopy. The isolated virus was identified to be of type 19 by a neutralization test. The IF examination using adenovirus group specific immune reagents on the smears of clinical specimens appears to be useful for rapid diagnosis of viral infections.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Antigenically intermediate human adenovirus strain associated with conjunctivitis.Two strains of an antigenically intermediate human adenovirus were isolated from eye specimens from cases of conjunctivitis. The viruses were doubly neutralized by antisera to adenoviruses 15 and 29 but possessed the hemagglutinins of adenovirus 8 or 9.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis.There is growing evidence that a variety of corneal disorders may be expressions of altered immune mechanisms. Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is probably such a condition. Typically described as arising from hypersensitivity to tuberculin protein, other antigens clearly may participate, particularly staphylococcus products. When corneal involvement occurs, it need not be confined to the peripheral cornea. The symptoms of the process may be disproportionate to obvious findings and so exaggerated as to suggest a psychiatric disorder. Resultant visual deficits, if the disease is corneal, progressive, unrecognized, and untreated may be profound. Representative examples of this disease are cited. Immune mechanisms are reviewed. The importance of recognizing the characteristic sign and symptom complex is stressed. Appropriate diagnostic studies and treatment regimens are presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. Adenovirus epithelial keratitis.The authors sought to determine whether adenovirus could infect human corneal epithelium in vivo. They reviewed the medical records of six patients with adenovirus-positive viral corneal cultures who were examined at the Bascom Palmer eye Institute between March 21, 1986, and December 31, 1992. The six patients with adenovirus-positive viral corneal cultures included one patient with dendritic epithelial keratitis, one with geographic epithelial ulceration, three with both geographic ulceration and contiguous dendrites, and one with heaped-up corneal epithelium but no ulceration. Four patients had rose bengal solution applied to their ocular surface, and in all four patients rose bengal uptake was seen at the epithelial edges of the dendrite or geographic ulceration in a manner characteristic of herpes simplex viral keratitis. Serotype determination of the isolates showed adenovirus type 3 (one patient), type 8 (three patients), type 19 (one patient), and indeterminate (one patient). Results of monoclonal antibody staining of cultures against herpes simplex virus (types 1 and 2) antigens was negative for all six cases. Adenovirus epithelial keratitis may result from infection of human corneal epithelium by the virus and rarely may mimic infection of corneal epithelium by herpes simplex virus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. herpes simplex virus in chronic relapsing keratoconjunctivitis.In a patient with a 5-month history of chronic relapsing keratoconjunctivitis, herpes simplex virus antigen was disclosed by immunofluorescence test in material obtained by conjunctival scraping, and the symptoms resolved following acyclovir (Zovirax) treatment. The diagnostic difficulties with patients presenting without symptoms suggestive of herpes simplex virus may be responsible for the lack of similar reports.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. Multiple biotin-dependent carboxylase deficiencies associated with defects in T-cell and B-cell immunity.Three siblings presented in early childhood with central-nervous-system (CNS) dysfunction, candida dermatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and alopecia. Two were studied immunologically and had absent delayed-hypersensitivity skin-test responses and absent in-vitro lymphocyte responses to candida antigen. One of them had selective iga deficiency and no antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide immunisation, and the other had a subnormal percentage of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The first two siblings died with progressive CNS deterioration and overwhelming infection. The third child, who presented with a periorificial candida dermatitis, alopecia, keratoconjunctivitis, and intermittent ataxia at eighteen months of age, had intermittent lactic acidosis and raised excretion of beta-hydroxyproprionate, methylcitrate, beta-methylcrotonylglycine, and beta-hydroxyisovalerate in urine. After four days of oral biotin, 10 mg/per day, the metabolites in her urine were significantly reduced, suggesting a biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. These findings, taken with previous reports of immune defects in patients with disorders of branched-chain aminoacid catabolism, suggest a new biochemical basis for primary immunodeficiency disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. lichen planus and Sjogren-type sicca syndrome in a patient with chronic hepatitis c.We report a 54-year-old Japanese male with lichen planus and Sjogren-type sicca syndrome, accompanied by the latent complication of chronic hepatitis c. The patient first showed erythematous and erosive lesions with white irregular striae in the buccal mucous membrane, and blepharitis and hyperemia of conjunctiva in his eyes. He later had two small erosions on the glans penis, and flat-topped violaceous papules on the dorsa manus and nape. A biopsy specimen of the lower lip lesion demonstrated a lichenoid tissue reaction at the basement membrane zone, and lymphocytic focal accumulations in the salivary glands. Immunohistochemical study of this specimen revealed CD45RO- (T) cells associated with the expression of hla-dr antigens predominantly in both the lichenoid tissue reaction and the lymphocytic sialadenitis. Objective keratoconjunctivitis sicca was confirmed by the Schirmer and Rose-Bengal tests. Anti-dna antibody was positive; however anti-SS-A, and anti-SS-B antibodies were negative. Increased levels of transaminase enzymes, TTT, ZTT, and IgG were observed in first laboratory examinations; thereafter, antihepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies and HCV-rna were detected. The high serum amylase level, in which salivary amylase predominated, was normalized by etretinate therapy in parallel with the clinical improvement of the oral LP lesions. Our case is considered to support the hypothesis that an etiologic association may be present among lichen planus, sjogren's syndrome, and chronic hepatitis c.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |