1/10. Human gnathostomiasis.Two patients became infested with gnathostoma nipponicum after eating raw loach-fish they had caught in a rice field in central japan. A fragment of gnathostoma was found in a biopsy from one of them. The sera of both patients reacted with gnathostoma antigen using indirect immunofluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on blocks of the paraffin-embedded parasite sample and the viscera of a fish from the same rice field. The risk of eating raw freshwater fish is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. Intestinal anisakiasis. A case diagnosed by morphologic and immunologic methods.The diagnosis of the fourth reported case of intestinal anisakiasis in the united states was based on the morphologic characteristics of the worm in histologic sections of resected ileum. Detection of antibodies to the worm by a radioallergosorbent test (RAST), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and an immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) support the diagnosis. IgE antibodies in patient serum reacted specifically to larval anisakis antigens but not to larval ascaris antigens in the RAST. IgG and IgM antibodies to larval anisakis antigen could be detected by ELISA up to six months after infection. IFA findings demonstrated that patient serum recognized the excretory-secretory products produced by the worm and showed their presence in vivo. These products appear to originate from the excretory pore and dorsal esophageal gland of the larval parasite.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. Four documented cases of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in hong kong.4 cases of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in hong kong are described. The major clinical features of the patients, who were 2-60 years old, were low grade fever, headache, mild meningeal signs, right facial palsy or hemiplegia. eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and eosinophilic pleocytosis were prominent. Computerized tomography scans of brain showed a small area of attenuation with surrounding hypodense area; the lesion was resolved 1-2 months after admission to hospital. Electroencephalograms revealed abnormally slow dysrhythmia. Sections of a nematode observed in the brain of a patient who died were identified as those of young adult angiostrongylus cantonensis. High ELISA titres against the crude antigens of this nematode were also noted in the serum of 3 patients. The disease is probably under-recognized in hong kong.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. Probable pulmonary anisakiasis accompanying pleural effusion.The first probable human case of pulmonary anisakiasis is reported. A 37-year-old Japanese person in california developed pleural effusion after consumption of raw salmon at a seafood restaurant in san francisco. A marked eosinophilia was noted in the blood and pleural exudate. The patient was tested for helminthic infections by intradermal, complement fixation, Ouchterlony, and immunoelectrophoresis tests using antigens of various worm species. A specific precipitin band was recognized only with anisakis (Type I larvae) antigen.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. Allergic granulomatous nodules of the eyelid and conjunctiva. The XXXV Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture.We studied the clinical and pathologic features of 22 cases of granulomas of the conjunctiva or eyelids. All cases showed the histologic features of the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, that is, a giant cell and eosinophil granulomatous reaction to an antigen-antibody precipitate originally described in relation to parasites or fungi. In four of seven typical cases selected for detailed description unidentified nematodes were found to be the cause of the condition. In light of these findings together with a review of similar "allergic granulomas" reported both in ocular tissues and elsewhere in the body, we considered the cause in the remaining cases. All 22 cases may have been caused by nematodes, as seems, probable in 14 of them, or the causative antigens may have been of widely different kinds. Although in our cases all ocular granulomas had an identical histology, this study did not resolve the problem of those cases where no causative agent was found. Thorough investigation of such cases in the future and the demonstration of their cause may elucidate the wider problem of nonocular allergic granulomas.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Eosinophilic meningitis: a suspected case of angiostrongylosis found in Shizuoka Prefecture, Honshu, japan.A patient with eosinophilic meningitis in Shizuoka Prefecture, Honshu, japan had nausea, vomiting and headache on admission; laboratory examinations revealed leukocytosis with eosinophilia. Eight days later neck stiffness appeared. Lumbar puncture showed an increase of the initial pressure in association with eosinophilic pleocytosis in the spinal fluid. The possibility of angiostrongylosis was considered because the patient had eaten raw slugs for 4 years as a remedy for lumbago. Although the serum contained cross-reactive antibodies against toxocara canis, positive reactions to angiostrongylus cantonensis antigens were observed in all of the immunological tests made. These observations, together with results of epidemiological studies in Honshu carried out by other investigators, suggest that the present case of eosinophilic meningitis may have been caused by A. cantonensis. One previous case has been reported from Honshu Island, japan.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. XXXV Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture. Allergic granulomatous nodules of the eyelid and conjunctiva.Twenty-two cases of granulomas of the conjunctiva or eyelids were studied, and the clinical and pathologic features were tabled. All cases showed the histologic features of the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, that is a giant cell and eosinophil granulomatous reaction to an antigen-antibody precipitate originally described in relation to parasites or fungi. Seven typical cases were selected for detailed description; in four of these cases, unidentified nematodes were the cause of the condition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. Eosinophilic meningoradiculomyelitis caused by gnathostoma spinigerum. A case report.A 51-year-old man had excruciating pains in the left arm and chest approximately four weeks after ingestion of live loaches. eosinophilia, eosinophilic pleocytosis in the CSF, and a high serum IgE level were noted. skin tests and antigen-antibody reactions were positive for gnathostoma infection. His clinical signs and symptoms ameliorated with symptomatic treatment within six months. Only 34 cases of gnathostomiasis involving the CNS have been reported in the English literature, and ours is the first Japanese case, to the best of our knowledge, of eosinophilic meningoradiculomyelitis caused by gnathostoma spinigerum.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Immunodiagnosis and seroepidemiology of angiostrongylus cantonensis zoonoses in man.The development of serum and cellular assays to measure responses to angiostrongylus cantonensis antigen, purified by affinity chromatography, formed the basis of this study. The specificity and sensitivity of these techniques were established in immunized rabbits and in naturally and laboratory-infected rats. The assays were then used to determine levels of immunological responsiveness to A. cantonensis in four Australian populations. There was a direct correlation between the prevalence of the parasite in rodents and the proportion of human reactors to A. cantonensis antigen in each population studied. Five patients with similar clinical histories and presenting symptoms suggesting eosinophilic meningitis were investigated; three were admitted to hospital. Haematological examination demonstrated hypereosinophilia in all five while three had, in addition, a cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia. Serological tests and assays of cell-mediated responses to A. cantonensis antigen showed elevated immunological reactivity during the acute phase of illness with a subsequent decrease in reactivity corresponding with the progressive recovery of the patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Eosinophilic radiculomyeloencephalitis: an angiostrongyliasis outbreak in american samoa related to ingestion of Achatina fulica snails.For the first time in american samoa an outbreak of eosinophilic radiculomyeloencephalitis was related to eating giant African snails (Achatina fulica) infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis. Among 24 Korean fisherman sharing the same infective meal, 16 who ate raw or partially cooked snails became ill; five who ate boiled snails and three who ate none remained well. The ensuing illnesses began within 1-6 days, persisted up to 10 weeks, and were characterized by both peripheral blood and spinal fluid eosinophilia, severe pains, weakness and hyporeflexia of the legs, and dysfunction of the bladder and bowels. Eight patients also had transient hypertension and/or lethargy, and three became comatose. One man died 17 days after eating the infected snails, and maturing larvae of A. cantonensis were found in his spinal cord. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers for antigens of A. cantonensis were elevated to 1:64 or greater (mean 1:128) in all 10 patients tested. Treatment with thiabendazole had no appreciable effect on the clinical course of the illness.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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