1/6. Chronic intestinal lymphocytic microphlebitis.The authors report two cases of a peculiar microphlebitis of the intestines, similar to that described by Saraga and Costa quite recently [5]. The patients had undergone hemicolectomy because of evolving ileus caused by cecal polyps or lipohyperplasia, respectively. Pseudomembranous-ulcerative inflammation of the cecum and variously intense lymphocytic infiltrates of numerous small submucosal veins and venules of the intestines were found in both cases. thrombosis occurred very rarely in the affected vessels, although sometimes it was found in deeper and larger veins. arteries, lymphatics, mesenterial veins and lymph nodes were normal. Parts of the distal ileum and ascending colon displayed the phlebitic changes without mucosal alterations. The authors hypothesize that it was not the abnormal local circulation, but some hitherto not fully clarified immunological disorder that resulted in the disease. In contrast to the claim of Saraga and Costa [5], it is suggested that thrombosis of the small veins does not have a significant role in the development of the lesions, but a complex process that includes the entry of antigens via the altered mucosa followed by an immunogenic inflammatory response of the small veins is responsible for the pathogenesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Immunological studies of uveitis. 2. Immune complex containing retinal S antigen in patient with chronic intractable uveitis.A case of chronic uveitis resistant to steroid treatment was reported where plasma exchange therapy, in contrast, had a remarkable effect on reducing the cystoid macular edema and retinal phlebitis. The removed plasma showed an elevated level of immune complex, and Western blotting demonstrated that this immune complex in the plasma contained retinal S antigen.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Cutaneous necrotizing venulitis in patients with cystic fibrosis.Palpable purpura was noted to occur late in the course of some patients with cystic fibrosis. skin biopsy specimens showed necrotizing venulitis characterized by a perivenular infiltrate composed of neutrophilic leukocytes, fibrin, hypogranulated mast cells, and endothelial cell necrosis. Circulating immune complexes were detected. Recurrent pulmonary infections and the chronic administration of therapeutic agents provide sources of potential antigens.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. Unilateral central retinal vein occlusion in systemic lupus erythematosus.A case of unilateral central vein occlusion occurring in a normotensive patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reported. This vasculitis is related to SLE. In spite of the observation of circulating immune complex and a positive response to the human basophil degranulation test in the presence of bovine soluble retinal antigen, the real pathogenesis of this unilateral vasculitis remains obscure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. A dinucleotide deletion in exon 4 of the PlA2 allelic form of glycoprotein IIIa: implications for the correlation of serologic versus genotypic analysis of human platelet alloantigens.Platelets from a patient with a suspected case of posttransfusion purpura were subjected to alloantigen phenotyping and found to express the PlA1, but not the PlA2, allelic form of human platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIIa on the platelet surface. However, genotyping showed unambiguously that the patient carried the genes for both of these GPIIa alleles. Based on these results, we postulated that the PlA2 allele was silent, ie, that this patient was a carrier for Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT). Quantitative analysis of GPIIb-IIIa surface expression showed only 20,000 GPIIb-IIIa receptors/platelet, approximately half of the value obtained with control platelets. Southern blot analysis showed no large deletions or insertions within the GPIIIa gene, and amplification of all 14 exons encoding GPIIIa resulted in the production of normal sized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products in all cases. dna-sequence analysis showed an AG dinucleotide deletion affecting codons 210 and 211 within exon 4 of the GPIIIa gene, leading to a change in reading frame and the creation of a stop codon 38 nucleotides down-stream. The predicted truncated protein consists of only the first 223 of the normal 762 amino acids, thus accounting for the failure to express the PlA2 allele on the platelet surface. While encountered only rarely, carriers of either GT or Bernard Soulier syndrome that are at the same time heterozygous for human platelet alloantigenic epitopes found on GPIb, GPIIb, or GPIIIa have the possibility to give discrepant results when comparing genotypic versus phenotypic analysis. In such situations, the combination of serologic and dna-based evaluation contributes complementary and beneficial diagnostic information than either one alone are able to provide.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. Large intestinal lymphocytic phlebitis and venulitis in chronic ulcerative colitis.Colonic vasculitis is seen in Crohn's disease and as a component of primary systemic vasculitis. It has rarely been described in chronic ulcerative colitis. Here we report a case of ulcerative colitis with prominent transmural lymphocytic phlebitis and venulitis. Although this is, to our knowledge, the first description of such an association, its recognition is important if confusion with other entities is to be avoided. The etiology of the vascular changes is unclear but they may be a secondary phenomenon induced by antigens, toxins or cytokines draining from the inflamed mucosa.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |