11/22. pneumocephalus secondary to lumbar catheterization.A 60-year-old woman with a history of chronic back pain presented to the emergency department with headache, slurred speech, and altered sensorium reported by her family. The previous day, she had a lumbar catheter placed for symptomatic relief of her chronic back pain. The patient complained only of headache, but otherwise thought she was unaffected. The patient's past medi- cal history was remarkable for diabetes, hypertension, peripheral neuropathy, gastritis, supraventricular tachycardia, and chronic back pain. On physical examination she was alert, fully orientated, and in no acute distress. Her vital signs were normal. Neurological examination revealed subtle word-finding difficulties and dysarthria. There were no physical signs of raised intracranial pressure (ICP). The remainder of her examination was entirely normal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
12/22. Diffuse pneumocephalus in neonatal Citrobacter meningitis.pneumocephalus, intracranial air or gas collection, associated with neonatal meningitis is extremely rare. We report the first case in the united states and the second case in the world of intracranial gas accumulation in a neonate with citrobacter koseri meningitis. The clinical presentation was acute with pneumocephalus demonstrated by cranial sonography and computed tomography. The clinical course was fatal despite the prompt administration of antibiotics.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
13/22. frontal sinus osteoma associated with pneumocephalus.The most common causes of intracranial air are head trauma and neurosurgical procedures. Less common etiologies include infection due to gas-forming organisms, mucoceles, tumours, congenital neuroenteric cysts, and dural defects. Here, we present a case of a frontal sinus osteoma associated with longstanding pneumocephalus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
14/22. Intracerebral pneumatocele: CT findings.Two cases of intracerebral pneumatocele following trauma are presented. One to two months after initial treatment both patients had deteriorating neurologic status. The diagnosis was made by radiography. When a pneumatocele is suspected clinically, computed tomography can play a vital role in determining the precise location of the gas collection, its relationship to the fracture site, and the amount of mass effect on the brain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
15/22. Intracerebral pneumatoceles following facial trauma: CT findings.Three patients with delayed frontal intracerebral pneumatoceles following facial injury are presented. In one patient an unusual appearance of bilateral and symmetrical frontal lobe pneumatoceles was demonstrated. While diagnosis is not difficult on routine radiographs, CT is valuable for determining effects on the brain and clearly delineating the fracture site; CT shows the location of the pneumatocele and may show an associated air-fluid level, mass effect or surrounding edema, or rim enhancement following administration of contrast material. The radiological appearances in conjunction with the clinical findings are highly characteristic and should not be mistaken for gas-forming cerebral abscesses.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
16/22. Gas within intracranial abscess cavities: an indication for surgical excision.Five patients were treated in whom gas within an intracranial abscess cavity was identified by plain roentgenogram, computed tomographic scan, or both. Management by aspiration in three patients was unsuccessful. Total excision of the abscess cavity was eventually required in all five patients, and a persistent extracranial communication was identified and closed in each. One patient died secondary to transtentorial herniation and severe brainstem injury; the other four recovered fully. Although certain anaerobic organisms may produce gas in the absence of a communication to the outside of the body, such production is uncommon. Total surgical excision is recommended for gas-containing abscesses because it allows removal of the mass lesion and identification and closure of possible persistent extracorporal communication.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
17/22. Postmortem computed tomography in a diving fatality.Determination of the exact cause of death in diving casualties is usually difficult at autopsy. In such cases, formation of gas in various organs is sometimes supposed to be causative, and thus establishment of the exact distribution of gas is crucial. This is not possible by conventional autopsy techniques. In the head of a 20-year-old navy diver who died during a dive to a maximum depth of 43 m, it was possible to demonstrate the distribution of gas by cerebral computed tomography. Gas was also found by conventional X-ray examination of the right ventricle and by pulmonary angiography in the pulmonary arteries. It seems probable that the attempted resuscitation was unsuccessful because of ongoing decompression sickness.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
18/22. Delayed intracerebral tension pneumocephalus--report of two cases.Two patients were found with delayed intracerebral tension pneumocephalus 5 and 12 months later, following head injury. Simple skull X-ray showed a large air-containing cyst in the left frontal lobe in both cases. Dural repairs were done through an intradural approach via single frontal craniotomy. Basal skull fracture with dural tear at cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and intracerebral cyst filled with air were found during operation. Their deteriorated consciousness became clear post-operatively. Plain computed tomography was a very useful instrument in determining the location of the gas collection, fracture site, and tension on the brain.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
19/22. Epidural mastoid pneumatocele.The authors report a case of a gas-filled epidural cyst communicating with the mastoid air cells, causing fluctuating but progressive amaurosis. No prior report of a similar finding could be found in the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
20/22. Diffuse pneumocephalus due to clostridium septicum cerebritis in haemolytic uraemic syndrome: CT demonstration.The computed tomography finding of diffuse pneumocephalus due to infection by gas-forming organisms is very unusual. We report such a case due to secondary infection by clostridium septicum in a child with diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = gas (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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