1/4. Allergic granulomatous nodules of the eyelid and conjunctiva. The XXXV Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture.We studied the clinical and pathologic features of 22 cases of granulomas of the conjunctiva or eyelids. All cases showed the histologic features of the Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon, that is, a giant cell and eosinophil granulomatous reaction to an antigen-antibody precipitate originally described in relation to parasites or fungi. In four of seven typical cases selected for detailed description unidentified nematodes were found to be the cause of the condition. In light of these findings together with a review of similar "allergic granulomas" reported both in ocular tissues and elsewhere in the body, we considered the cause in the remaining cases. All 22 cases may have been caused by nematodes, as seems, probable in 14 of them, or the causative antigens may have been of widely different kinds. Although in our cases all ocular granulomas had an identical histology, this study did not resolve the problem of those cases where no causative agent was found. Thorough investigation of such cases in the future and the demonstration of their cause may elucidate the wider problem of nonocular allergic granulomas.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/4. schistosomiasis mekongi diagnosed by rectal biopsy.Schistosoma mekongi, a parasite of the dog which is endemic in small foci along the Mikong river, is rarely seen in europe. A case of schistosomiasis caused by S mekongi was recently seen in france, in a native of laos who had been living in thailand. He was admitted for treatment of previous diagnosed tuberculoid leprosy but was found to have hepatosplenomegaly, with a high eosinophil count and high bilirubin concentrations. Serological examination suggested schistosomiasis, but there were no parasites in the urine and the rectal mucosa looked normal on endoscopy. Nevertheless, rectal biopsy showed schistosomal proctitis and many ova of S mekongi. Two courses of praziquantel cleared the ova from his rectal mucosa. Although serological examination using S mansoni antigen suggested schistosomiasis, only biopsy of normal looking rectal mucosa allowed the diagnosis to established.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/4. schistosoma japonicum-type infection in malaysia--report of the first living case.The first living patient with a schistosoma japonicum-type infection who presented with the nephrotic syndrome is reported in detail. It is not clear whether the nephrotic syndrome was due to the schistosome infection or to the deposition of hepatitis b antigen and antibody complexes. This is the tenth case of schistosomiasis reported from aborigines in malaysia and a sylvatic source of infection is suggested.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/4. schistosomiasis. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.Globally, schistosomes infect 1 in 30 people. Tourists travel to endemic areas, whereas students, workers, and expatriates travel to nonendemic areas. physicians around the world need to remain aware of this common parasitic infection. pathology results from parasite eggs that lodge in the intestines and liver. Intestinal schistosomiasis is most often asymptomatic and presents with occult gastrointestinal bleeding. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis develops insidiously because of cumulative fibrotic injury. Stigmata of liver failure are absent unless comorbid viral or alcoholic hepatitis is present. patients with end-stage hepatosplenic schistosomiasis die from variceal hemorrhage. diagnosis of schistosomiasis is confirmed by finding eggs in stool or biopsy specimens. Antischistosome antibodies may identify infected tourists returning from endemic areas. Circulating schistosome antigens distinguish current from past infections. praziquantel is the schistosomicidal drug of choice. Most cases of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis resolve after effective treatment. Prophylactic propranolol may prevent hemorrhage in praziquantel-treated patients with high-grade varices. sclerotherapy is also efficacious. When necessary, patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis tolerate decompressive surgery well.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = antigen (Clic here for more details about this article) |