1/118. Post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy--two case reports.A 60-year-old female and a 66-year-old male presented with post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy associated with clinically asymptomatic pituitary macroadenoma manifesting as severe visual disturbance that had not developed immediately after the head injury. Skull radiography showed a unilateral linear occipital fracture. magnetic resonance imaging revealed pituitary tumor with dumbbell-shaped suprasellar extension and fresh intratumoral hemorrhage. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed in the first patient, and the visual disturbance subsided. decompressive craniectomy was performed in the second patient to treat brain contusion and part of the tumor was removed to decompress the optic nerves. The mechanism of post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy may occur as follows. The intrasellar part of the tumor is fixed by the bony structure forming the sella, and the suprasellar part is free to move, so a rotational force acting on the occipital region on one side will create a shearing strain between the intra- and suprasellar part of the tumor, resulting in pituitary apoplexy. Recovery of visual function, no matter how severely impaired, can be expected if an emergency operation is performed to decompress the optic nerves. Transsphenoidal surgery is the most advantageous procedure, as even partial removal of the tumor may be adequate to decompress the optic nerves in the acute stage. Staged transsphenoidal surgery is indicated to achieve total removal later.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = optic nerve, nerve, optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/118. The intubating laryngeal mask for maxillo-facial trauma.We report the successful use of the intubating laryngeal mask airway in a patient with maxillo-facial trauma for whom the facemask and laryngoscope were relatively contraindicated and the fibreoptic scope potentially difficult to use.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.029954063757762keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/118. cochlear implantation following temporal bone fracture.Seven cases of profound hearing impairment following either unilateral or bilateral temporal bone fracture are presented who were implanted with the Nucleus 22 channel or Ineraid devices. Six patients suffered bilateral temporal bone fractures. One patient had prior congenital unilateral profound hearing impairment. This patient suffered a unilateral temporal bone fracture. Six patients became regular users of their implants. One gained little benefit and became a non-user. Two of the regular users experienced facial nerve stimulation, which could not be programmed out. In these two cases the implant was removed and the contralateral ear successfully implanted. Implant-aided audiometry demonstrated a hearing threshold of 40-50 dB at nine months after switch-on. The reliability of computed tomography (CT) scanning in predicting cochlear patency in cases of temporal bone fracture will be discussed. The benefit of complimentary imaging with magnetic resonance (MR) is highlighted.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.031369015883554keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/118. Occipital condyle fracture with peripheral neurological deficit.A 24-year-old woman sustained a type III Anderson and Montesano fracture in a road traffic accident. Acute respiratory stridor, multiple cranial nerve palsies and right upper limb neurological deficits associated with a C1 to T2 extradural haematoma were unique features of this case. The patient made a full and uncomplicated recovery with conservative management.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.031369015883554keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/118. Bilateral facial nerve paralysis with craniofacial trauma.Bilateral facial paralysis (BFP) is a very rare condition, unlike its unilateral counterpart. Causes of BNP include a wide variety of diseases and its differential diagnosis can be challenging. We report a case of BFP secondary to craniofacial trauma, with unilateral orbitozygomatic and bilateral temporal bone fractures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.12547606353421keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/118. Traumatic displacement of the globe into the ethmoid sinus.PURPOSE: To describe displacement of the globe into the ethmoid sinus after an orbital trauma. METHOD: Case report. A 58-year-old man sustained trauma of the left eye and orbit, which resulted in displacement of the globe into the ethmoid sinus. One day after injury, surgery was performed to restore the intact globe into position within the orbit. RESULTS: After operation, the globe held in its anatomical site, and 10 months after surgery the visual acuity was 20/100, slight pallor of the optic disk was present, and there was no limitation of the horizontal and vertical ductions. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first case of traumatic displacement of the globe into the ethmoid sinus with satisfactory restoration of normal globe position and preservation of vision.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.029954063757762keywords = optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/118. Transverse clivus fracture: case presentation and significance of clinico-anatomic correlations.BACKGROUND: Bilateral transverse basal skull fractures resulting from lateral crushing injuries involve fractures of the clivus that present clinically with multiple cranial nerve injuries and possible delayed vascular injuries due to the tight neural and vascular entry and exit routes present in this region. A case of a young patient with an extensive basal skull fracture is presented with description of the clinical signs and symptoms in relation to the neuroradiological findings. Clinico-anatomic correlations have been reiterated. CASE DESCRIPTION: A case of a young patient suffering a bilateral crush injury resulting in a basal transverse clivus and petrous bone fracture is presented. Multiple cranial nerve injuries, unilateral and bilateral, were present (CN III, VI, VII). This clinical presentation correlated well with the anatomical location and extension of the respective cranial nerves at the level of the skull base and along the fracture line extending bilaterally through the clivus and petrous bone. CONCLUSIONS: Initial neurological and neuroradiological investigations should be aimed at promptly detecting cranial nerve injuries and their correlating fracture injuries at the skull base. The possible development and progression of delayed neurological deficits should also be kept in mind and investigated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.12547606353421keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/118. Traumatic occipital condyle fractures.Trauma to the brain or calvaria may cause some cranial nerve damage. This may be transitory or permanent. Occipital condyle fracture (OCF) is a rarely encountered pathology not easily diagnosed by routine clinical and radiological evaluation and one of the causes of lower cranial nerve disability. Frequently, the hypoglossal nerve is involved. Here we present two cases of OCF caused by motor vehicle accidents. Both of the patients complained of dysphagia and voice disturbance. After detailed neurologic and radiologic evaluation, they were diagnosed with OCF. They were both treated conservatively. OCF as a cause of lower cranial nerve damage is rarely reported. Since it is hard to diagnose OCF by routine cranial and cervical evaluation, detailed radiological study in suspected cases is a must. Since one of our patients was admitted 6 years after the trauma, this article is also noteworthy as a report on radiological changes of the OCF.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.12547606353421keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/118. titanium mesh repair of the severely comminuted frontal sinus fracture.BACKGROUND: Severely comminuted frontal sinus fractures are difficult to contour and immobilize. Frequently, plates or wires are inadequate in fixating all fragments together, resulting in less than optimal outcomes. Advancements in the development of biomaterials have now made titanium mesh a new option for the repair of severely comminuted fractures. methods: Fourteen patients with severely comminuted frontal sinus fractures were treated with titanium mesh from 1994 to 1999. The fractures were reduced and immobilized using a simple algorithm: (1) Isolated anterior table fractures were repaired with reduced bony fragments attached to titanium mesh. (2) Anterior table fractures with nasofrontal duct involvement were repaired by sinus obliteration and anterior wall reconstruction with reduced bony fragments attached to titanium mesh. (3) Anterior and posterior table fractures with cerebrospinal fluid leak or displacement were treated with the cranialization of the sinus and anterior wall reconstruction with reduced bony fragments attached to titanium mesh. RESULTS: Of the 14 patients treated, 12 were available for postoperative evaluation. Parameters such as nasal function, cranial nerve V and VII function, cosmesis, and complications (hardware extrusions, sinusitis, meningitis, osteomyelitis, mucopyocele, brain abscess, pneumocephalus, and cerebrospinal fluid leak) were evaluated. All patients had good function of the superior division of cranial nerves V and VII. Two patients (16%) had minor wound infections, which resolved under treatment with antibiotics. All had excellent cosmetic results as measured by postreduction radiographs and personal and family perceptions of forehead contour. CONCLUSION: titanium mesh reconstruction of severely comminuted frontal sinus fractures has few complications while providing excellent forehead contour and cosmesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.062738031767107keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/118. Endoscope-assisted facial fracture repair.We describe the use of an endoscope-assisted technique for nasal osteotomy and mandibular fracture repair. The endoscopic visual enhancement has been especially helpful in making osteotomy safe and accurate as compared to the drawbacks associated with conventional blind osteotomy. The technique of endoscopically assisted fracture repair of the mandible facilitates anatomic restoration and fixation of the displaced condyle with limited-access incision. Under optical endoscopic magnification, the disadvantages associated with open surgical repair including the risk of facial nerve injury and external facial scarring are minimized. No postoperative complications have been attributable to the endoscopic approach.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.061323079641315keywords = nerve, optic (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |