1/10. Tanapox: first report in a European traveller and identification by PCR.Tanapox is a rare pox disease endemic in East africa. We report the first case of tanapox in a European traveller who contracted the disease in 1999 during a short visit to tanzania. The diagnosis was made on clinical grounds and confirmed by electron microscopy and a tanapox virus-specific PCR assay.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. Feline orthopoxvirus infection transmitted from cat to human.We report the case of a 56-year-old female patient who presented with an inflamed, ulcerated lesion on the left side of her neck after contact (scratch) with a cat living in the patient's house. Satellite lesions developed despite local treatment and parenteral clindamycin. Histopatholgic examination and the Tzanck test showed evidence of a viral infection. Subsequent transmission electron microscopy of scrap tissue and material from a fresh pustule exhibited multiple typical poxvirus particles, predominantly in remnants of scaled-off layers of degenerated keratinocytes, and virus particles in intermingled phagocytes, leading to the diagnosis of feline orthopoxvirus (cowpox virus) infection. These results were verified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Concern has been raised as to whether discontinuation of smallpox vaccine would cause an increase in orthopoxvirus infection, but this has not yet shown to be the case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. Milkers' nodules complicated by erythema multiforme and graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma.We describe a case of cow-transmitted parapoxvirus infection--also known as milkers' nodules--after a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. The infection was complicated by erythema multiforme and acute exacerbation of graft-versus-host disease. parapoxvirus was confirmed by electron microscopy. The natural history of milker's nodules in immunocompetent hosts is described and compared to that in our immunocompromised patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. orthopoxvirus infection transmitted by a domestic cat.The variola virus was declared eradicated by the world health organization in 1980 but human infections by cowpox virus, another member of the genus orthopoxvirus, are still observed, mainly in European countries. We report a woman who presented with two umbilicated vesicles surrounded by an indurated erythematous edema within cat scratch injuries on her thigh. The diagnosis of an orthopoxvirus infection was based on the visualization of characteristic virus particles by electron microscopy and the detection of the A27L gene (14-kd fusion protein gene) of the genus orthopoxvirus by polymerase chain reaction from a lesional skin biopsy specimen. Differential diagnoses of cat scratch disease, pustula maligna, and bullous impetigo were excluded by microbiologic investigation of the biopsy specimen. Both lesions scarred after 6 weeks of a continuous local antiseptic treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. parapoxvirus infections acquired after exposure to wildlife.The histopathologic and electron microscopic findings in two patients with skin lesions that developed after exposure to deer and other wildlife were consistent with a parapoxviral infection. Human infections that were morphologically similar to parapoxvirus infection have been previously described concerning exposure to cervids (deer and related animals). Ours are the first reported cases in which viral particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. parapoxvirus infections of reindeer and musk ox associated with unusual human infections.This report concerns five cases of human infection resulting in lesions morphologically similar to human orf. parapoxvirus infection in reindeer was the probable source of infection in four cases. The fifth case involved musk ox. Two of the cases involving reindeer are particularly interesting as transmission of infection occurred indirectly. Viral particles were not seen by electron microscopy of human tissues, due probably to the late stage of the illness at the time of examination. However, electron microscopy of negatively stained suspensions prepared from biopsy material collected from reindeer calves at the outbreak of the illness and of post-mortem material from the musk ox revealed characteristic parapoxvirus particles. In one patient the infection was accompanied by fever, lymphadenopathy and nausea, which cleared following a few days of treatment with doxycycline chloride. 4 cases were curetted after 4, 6, 12 and 20 weeks and healed withour scarring whereas the fifth patient was by request left alone. This resulted in localized dark pigmentation following completion of the healing process after 26 weeks.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. The histopathology and electron microscopy of a human monkeypox lesion.The histological and electron microscopic findings from a solitary cutaneous monkeypox lesion taken post mortem from a child who died after a five-day illness are reported. This child is 44th in the WHO register of monkeypox cases. The lesion was at the papulonecrotic stage, with early evidence of vesiculation and minimal evidence of pustulation. necrosis affected the stratum basale, the related basement membrane and adjacent areas of the dermal papillae at the centre of the lesion. Cell necrosis affected the next two or three layers of stratum spinosum above the destroyed stratum basale. Lateral to this zone, marked hyperplasia and intracellular oedema of the stratum spinosum constituted the papule and produced spindle-cell features. In the middle layer of the stratum spinosum, above the necrotic focus, there were minute vesicles and between these were occasional multinuclear giant cells. Bodies similar to Guarnieri bodies (GB) were present in the cytoplasm of sweat duct-lining cells in the epidermis and upper corium. Very scanty similar bodies were evident elsewhere in the papular epidermis but were difficult to distinguish from debris. Granules in the lesion with the same size as mature virions (elementary bodies) have been assessed not to be these because similar granules are present in the normal epidermis. Changes in the dermis apart from those mentioned above were minimal oedema, very mild perivascular infiltration by round cells and an occasional eosinophil. Electron microscopy showed abundant immature and mature orthopoxvirus particles in the cytoplasms of infected epidermal cells. A limited range of histochemical tests is detailed. In general, the features are indistinguishable from the papulonecrotic stage of smallpox (variola) and from tanapox as recorded in man.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme associated with milker's nodules.An epidemic of 44 cases of milker's nodules was recorded in the Tampere Central Hospital catchment area in finland during the autumn of 1974. exanthema or erythema multiforme-like secondary eruptions were seen in 10 cases. One female patient is reported in detail because of the simultaneous occurrence of erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme. The virological diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. The syndrome of milker's nodules in burn injury: evidence for indirect viral transmission.Four patients with first- to second-degree burns developed multiple unusual nodular lesions confined to the burned areas 2 to 3 weeks after the accident. Electron microscopy disclosed viral particles within epidermal cells. These were identified as subgroup II poxvirus. Viral culture established the diagnosis of paravaccinia (milker's nodule) infection. Since none of the patients had had direct contact with infected animals, but had been in contact with contaminated objects, an indirect viral transmission, previously not reported for milker's nodules, appears the most likely mode of infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Farmyard pox: parapox virus infection in man.Inasmuch as orf, milker's nodules and bovine papular stomatitis pox are clinically identical in man and are induced by currently indistinguishable parapox viruses, we propose a new generic term 'farmyard pox' for these diseases. This affords the clinician a diagnosis based on a common set of clinical and electron microscopic findings rather than one based on an uncertain or even misleading history. A case in point is reported in which the history failed to reveal a specific animal source of the virus, but electron microscopy confirmed the presence of parapox infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = microscopy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |